Click HERE to complete the evaluation survey and receive your certificate.
References
Overview of CV Risk Reduction in Primary Care Settings
Martin SS, et al. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(8).
Marrs JC, et al. Bempedoic acid for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Drugs Context. 2020;9:2020-6-5
Blumenthal RS, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87(19):2624-2757.
Silverman MG, et al. Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(12):1289-1297.
McQueen MJ, et al. Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): a case-control study. Lancet. 2008;372(9634):224-233.
Yusuf S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-952.
Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Nonstatin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(14):1366-1418.
Kammoun R, et al. Statin Associated Muscular Adverse Effects. Curr Drug Saf. 2024;19(1):114-116.
Nissen SE, et al. Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant Patients. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(15):1353-1364.
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effect of statin therapy on muscle symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials. Lancet. 2022;400(10355):832-845.
Wong ND, et al. Residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in statin-treated adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Lipidol. 2017;11(5):1223-1233.
Reyes-Soffer G, et al. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arteriosclero Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022;42(1):e48-e60.
Kronenberg F, et al. Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(39):3925-3946.
Wambua P, et al. The role of elevated lipoprotein(a) in aortic valve disease: a systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1610395.
Thongtang N, et al. Dyslipidemia management for primary prevention of cardiovascular events: Best in-clinic practices. Prev Med Rep. 2022;27:101819.
Levintow SN, et al. Lipid Testing Trends Before and After Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction Among Adults in the United States, 2008–2019. Clin Epidemiol. 2022;14:737-748.
The American Heart Association PREVENT™ Online Calculator
CV Risk Assessment and Screening
The American Heart Association PREVENT™ Online Calculator
Blumenthal RS, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87(19):2624-2757.
Bohula EA, et al. Evolocumab in Patients without a Previous Myocardial Infarction or Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2026;394(2):117-127.
Cannon CP, et al. Use of Lipid-Lowering Therapies Over 2 Years in GOULD, a Registry of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the US. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(9):1060.
Alam S, et al. Underuse of Combination Pharmacotherapy for Management of Dyslipidaemia Versus Diabetes and Hypertension among Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD): Insights from the Getting to an ImprOved Understanding of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Dyslipidemia Management (GOULD) Registry. Heart, Lung, and Circulation. 2021;30:S249-S250.
Reyes-Soffer G, et al. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022;42(1):e48-e60.
Kronenberg F, et al. Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(39):3925-3946.
Koschinsky ML, et al. Oxidized phospholipid modification of lipoprotein(a): Epidemiology, biochemistry and pathophysiology. Atherosclerosis. 2022;349:92-100.
Gilliland TC, et al. Lipoprotein(a), Oxidized Phospholipids, and Coronary Artery Disease Severity and Outcomes. J Am Col Cardiol. 2023;81(18):1780-1792.
Irvine A, et al. Lipoprotein(a): the neglected risk factor in cardiovascular health. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1710557.
Koschinsky ML, et al. A focused update to the 2019 NLA scientific statement on use of lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(3):e308-e319.
Mach F, et al. 2025 Focused Update of the 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Developed by the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2025;46(42):4359-4578.
Lp(a) Clinical Guidance
Reeskamp LF, et al. Concordance of a High Lipoprotein(a) Concentration Among Relatives. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(12):1111-1118.
Mangla M, et al. Trends in lipoprotein(a) testing and impact on clinical care: A contemporary systemwide analysis. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2026;25:101402.
Razavi AC, et al. Prevalence and Correlates of Lipoprotein(a) Testing in a Diverse Cohort of U.S. Adults. JACC Adv. 2025;4(6 Pt 1):101826.
Nonstatin Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Clinical Evidence and Practical Implementation
Ward NC, et al. Statin Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications. Circ Res. 2019;124(2):328-350.
Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Nonstatin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(14):1366-1418.
Baigent C, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9784):2181-2192.
Cannon CP, et al. Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2387-2397.
The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results. JAMA. 1984;251(3):351-364.
Sabatine MS, et al. Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1713-1722.
Bohula EA, et al. Evolocumab in Patients without a Previous Myocardial Infarction or Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2026;394(2):117-127.
Schwartz GG, et al. Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(22):2097-2107.
Nissen SE, et al. Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin-Intolerant Patients. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(15):1353-1364.
Koschinsky ML, et al. A focused update to the 2019 NLA scientific statement on use of lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(3):e308-e319.
Mach F, et al. 2025 Focused Update of the 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Developed by the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2025;46(42):4359-4378.
Ray KK, et al. Lipoprotein(a) reductions from PCSK9 inhibition and major adverse cardiovascular events: Pooled analysis of alirocumab phase 3 trials. Atherosclerosis. 2019;288:194-202.
Ray KK, et al. Two Phase 3 Trials of Inclisiran in Patients with Elevated LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1507-1519.
Pirillo A, et al. Inclisiran: How Widely and When Should We Use It? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022;24(10):803-811.
Zhang J, et al. Lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a promising future. Eur Heart J. Published online February 13, 2026:ehag092.
Tsimikas S, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Reduction in Persons with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(3):244-255.
O’Donoghue ML, et al. The Off-Treatment Effects of Olpasiran on Lipoprotein(a) Lowering: OCEAN(a)-DOSE Extension Period Results. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84(9):790-797.
Nissen SE, et al. Lepodisiran — A Long-Duration Small Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a). N Engl J Med. 2025;392(17):1673-1683.
Nissen SE, et al. Zerlasiran—A Small-Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024;332(23):1992-2002.
Nicholls SJ, et al. Oral Muvalaplin for Lowering of Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2025;333(3):222-231.
Cheeley MK, et al. Multidisciplinary teams in clinical lipidology and cardiometabolic care: A National Lipid Association Expert Clinical Review. J Clin Lipidol. 2025;19(4):737-747.